Microwave diagnostics is **microwave diagnostics is** an academic field and methodological approach that utilizes the interaction of microwave electromagnetic radiation with matter to non-invasively characterize internal structures, properties, or conditions. This domain investigates how materials and biological tissues absorb, reflect, and transmit microwave energy to infer their composition, state, or anomalies, holding significance for applications ranging from materials inspection and industrial process monitoring to biomedical imaging and disease detection, often leveraging techniques such as microwave imaging.